MBR membrane technology combines biological treatment with membrane separation, resulting in significant differences in structure and operation compared to traditional wastewater treatment processes. Its main characteristics are reflected in treatment efficiency, effluent quality, and system operation.
The most prominent feature of MBR membranes is their stable and high-quality effluent. The membrane modules directly retain suspended solids and microorganisms, resulting in effluent virtually free of suspended solids (SS). It also exhibits high retention rates for bacteria and some viruses, leading to overall effluent quality far superior to traditional secondary sedimentation tank processes, meeting stricter reuse standards.
The system operates with high load capacity and requires a small footprint. Because the membrane completely retains sludge, a high sludge concentration and long sludge age can be maintained within the reactor, thereby improving the removal efficiency of organic matter and nitrogen and phosphorus. For the same treatment capacity, MBR systems typically require less land than traditional activated sludge processes, making them more suitable for areas with limited land resources.
MBR membranes also possess strong resistance to shock loads. Due to the large microbial biomass and long sludge retention time in the system, even fluctuations in influent quality or quantity can maintain stable treatment performance. However, membrane fouling is also a problem during its operation, requiring backwashing, aeration scrubbing, or chemical cleaning to maintain stable flux. This is a key feature of its operation and management.